National Clinical Assessment (NCA) Cellular Practice Exam

Iron deficiency primarily leads to decreased red blood cell production due to its critical role in hemoglobin synthesis. Hemoglobin is the protein in red blood cells responsible for transporting oxygen. Iron is an essential component of hemoglobin, and without adequate iron, the body cannot produce enough healthy red blood cells to meet its oxygen-carrying needs.

When iron levels are low, the body responds by reducing the production of red blood cells, leading to conditions such as microcytic anemia, characterized by smaller-than-normal red blood cells. This reduction in red blood cell production negatively impacts the overall oxygen delivery to tissues, contributing to symptoms often seen in anemia, such as fatigue, weakness, and pallor.

Other options, like increased red blood cell production, may be seen in high-demand situations (like hemorrhage or altitude adaptation), while increased red blood cell destruction is not directly linked to iron deficiency. Blood loss can lead to iron deficiency but is not a direct effect of the deficiency itself. Thus, decreased red blood cell production accurately reflects the consequence of insufficient iron levels in the body.