What cellular process occurs when a stem cell becomes a specific function cell?

The process of a stem cell becoming a specific functional cell is known as cell differentiation. This is a critical aspect of development in multicellular organisms, where unspecialized stem cells undergo changes to become specialized cells with unique functions, such as muscle cells, nerve cells, or blood cells. During differentiation, stem cells activate specific genes that lead to the development of their unique structures and functions, allowing them to perform designated tasks in the body.

In contrast, cell senescence refers to a state where cells cease to divide and function but do not die, often associated with aging and how tissues respond to stress. Cellular aging is a broader concept that encompasses various processes that lead to a decline in cellular function over time, while cellular replication involves the process of a cell making copies of itself, which is necessary for growth and healing. Understanding differentiation is essential as it underlines the foundational concepts of development, regeneration, and cell-based therapies in medicine.