What is the primary role of mitochondria in cells?

Mitochondria are often referred to as the "powerhouse of the cell" because their primary role is to produce cellular energy in the form of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). This process primarily occurs through cellular respiration, which includes glycolysis, the Krebs cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation.

Mitochondria convert nutrients from food into ATP, which is essential for numerous cellular functions and energy-requiring processes. The ability to generate ATP efficiently allows cells to perform tasks such as muscle contraction, nerve impulse propagation, and biosynthetic activity, all vital for maintaining life.

The other options describe functions performed by different organelles or cellular processes. For instance, storing genetic information is the role of the nucleus, packaging proteins for secretion is handled by the Golgi apparatus, and transporting substances across the membrane generally involves transport proteins or vesicles. These distinct functions highlight the specialized roles within the cell, emphasizing the unique importance of mitochondria in energy production.