What is the significance of the Golgi apparatus in cellular metabolism?

The Golgi apparatus plays a crucial role in cellular metabolism primarily because it modifies and sorts proteins and lipids that are synthesized in the endoplasmic reticulum. Once these molecules are produced, they are transported to the Golgi apparatus, where they undergo post-translational modifications such as glycosylation, phosphorylation, and sulfation. These modifications are vital for the proper functioning of these molecules as they influence their activity, localization, and stability.

Furthermore, the Golgi apparatus is responsible for packaging these modified proteins and lipids into vesicles that are then directed to their specific destinations within the cell or outside of it. This process is essential for cellular organization and communication, as well as for the secretion of proteins that perform various roles, such as enzymes, hormones, and signaling molecules.

In contrast, the other options do not accurately represent the primary function of the Golgi apparatus. Generating energy for the cell is primarily the role of mitochondria. The synthesis of nucleic acids occurs in the nucleus, and storing nutrients is typically managed by organelles like vacuoles or vesicles. Thus, the significance of the Golgi apparatus lies in its ability to modify and sort substances critical for various cellular functions.